Example Of A Fact Family

Taxonomic rank betwixt genus and social club

Family (Latin: familia, plural familiae ) is one of the 8 major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified betwixt order and genus.^[1] A family may exist divided into subfamilies, which are intermediate ranks between the ranks of family and genus. The official family names are Latin in origin; still, popular names are often used: for example, walnut trees and hickory trees belong to the family Juglandaceae, simply that family unit is commonly referred to as the "walnut family".

What belongs to a family—or if a described family should be recognized at all—are proposed and determined by practicing taxonomists. In that location are no hard rules for describing or recognizing a family, but in plants, they can be characterized on the basis of both vegetative and reproductive features of found species. Taxonomists ofttimes take different positions nearly descriptions, and there may be no broad consensus across the scientific community for some time. The publishing of new data and opinions frequently enables adjustments and consensus.

Classification [edit]

The naming of families is codification past various international bodies using the post-obit suffixes:

In fungal, algal, and botanical classification, the family names of plants, fungi, and algae stop with the suffix "-aceae", except for a small number of historic but widely used names including Compositae and Gramineae.^[2] ^[three]
In zoological nomenclature, the family names of animals finish with the suffix "-idae".^[iv]

History [edit]

The taxonomic term familia was get-go used by French botanist Pierre Magnol in his Prodromus historiae generalis plantarum, in quo familiae plantarum per tabulas disponuntur (1689) where he called the seventy-six groups of plants he recognised in his tables families ( familiae ). The concept of rank at that time was not notwithstanding settled, and in the preface to the Prodromus Magnol spoke of uniting his families into larger genera , which is far from how the term is used today.

Carl Linnaeus used the word familia in his Philosophia botanica (1751) to denote major groups of plants: trees, herbs, ferns, palms, so on. He used this term only in the morphological department of the book, discussing the vegetative and generative organs of plants.

Subsequently, in French botanical publications, from Michel Adanson's Familles naturelles des plantes (1763) and until the stop of the 19th century, the word famille was used as a French equivalent of the Latin ordo (or ordo naturalis ).

In zoology, the family every bit a rank intermediate between order and genus was introduced past Pierre André Latreille in his Précis des caractères génériques des insectes, disposés dans un ordre naturel (1796). He used families (some of them were not named) in some but non in all his orders of "insects" (which so included all arthropods).

In nineteenth-century works such every bit the Prodromus of Augustin Pyramus de Candolle and the Genera Plantarum of George Bentham and Joseph Dalton Hooker this word ordo was used for what at present is given the rank of family unit.

Uses [edit]

Families tin exist used for evolutionary, palaeontological and genetic studies because they are more stable than lower taxonomic levels such every bit genera and species.^[5] ^[6]

References [edit]

^ Editors, B. D. (nineteen March 2017). "Taxonomy - Definition, Nomenclature & Example". Biology Dictionary . Retrieved 10 October 2022.
^ Barnhart JH (xv January 1895). "Family Nomenclature". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Guild. 22 (ane): 1–25. doi:x.2307/2485402. JSTOR 2485402.
^ ICN 2012, Department 2. Names of families and subfamilies, tribes and subtribes Article 18.
^ International Commission on Zoological Classification (1999). "Commodity 29.ii. Suffixes for family-group names". International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (Fourth ed.). International Trust for Zoological Classification, XXIX. p. 306. Archived from the original on nine November 2004. [1]
^ Sahney Due south, Benton MJ, Ferry PA (Baronial 2010). "Links between global taxonomic variety, ecological multifariousness and the expansion of vertebrates on land". Biological science Messages. 6 (4): 544–547. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2009.1024. PMC2936204. PMID 20106856.
^ Sahney Southward, Benton MJ (April 2008). "Recovery from the virtually profound mass extinction of all time". Proceedings. Biological Sciences. 275 (1636): 759–765. doi:10.1098/rspb.2007.1370. PMC2596898. PMID 18198148.

Bibliography [edit]

Bullock AA (January 1958). "Indicis Nominum Familiarum Angiospermarum Prodromus". Taxon. 7 (i): 1–35. doi:10.2307/1216226. JSTOR 1216226.
Bullock AA (August 1958). "Indicis Nominum Familiarum Angiospermarum Prodromus: Additamenta et Corrigenda I". Taxon. vii (6): 158–163. doi:10.2307/1217503. JSTOR 1217503.
ICN (2012). "International Code of Classification for algae, fungi, and plants". Bratislava: International Association for Plant Taxonomy. Retrieved 17 January 2016.