Example Of A Slam Poem

Fifth alphabetic character of the Latin alphabet

East
E e
(See beneath)

Usage
Writing system	Latin script
Type	Alphabetic
Language of origin	Latin language
Phonetic usage	[due east] [e̞] [ɛ] [ə] [ɪ~i] [ɘ] [ʲe] [h] (English variations)
Unicode codepoint	`U+0045, U+0065`
Alphabetical position	5
History
Development	Ε ε ϵ 𐌄 E e
Time period	c. 700 BC to nowadays
Descendants	♯ Ə Æ Œ € ℮ Ǝ ∈ ℯ ℇ ℰ ℥ &
Sisters	Е Э Є Ё Ә Һ ה ه ܗ Ɛ Ե ե Է է Ը ը ࠄ 𐎅 Ⲉ
Variations	(Run across below)
Other
Other letters unremarkably used with	ee, e(x), e(x)(y)
This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, run into Help:IPA. For the stardom betwixt [ ], / / and ⟨⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

Eastward, or e, is the 5th letter and the 2nd vowel letter in the modernistic English language alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet. Its proper noun in English language is eastward (pronounced ); plural ees,^[i] Es or E'south.^[2] Information technology is the virtually commonly used alphabetic character in many languages, including Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Hungarian, Latin, Latvian, Norwegian, Spanish, and Swedish.^[iii] ^[4] ^[5] ^[6] ^[7]

History

Egyptian hieroglyph qʼ	Proto-Sinaitic	Proto-Canaanite hillul	Phoenician He	Etruscan E	Greek Epsilon	Latin/ Cyrillic E

The Latin alphabetic character 'E' differs little from its source, the Greek letter of the alphabet epsilon, 'Ε'. This in plough comes from the Semitic letter of the alphabet hê, which has been suggested to have started as a praying or calling human figure (hillul 'jubilation'), and was most probable based on a similar Egyptian hieroglyph that indicated a dissimilar pronunciation. In Semitic, the letter represented /h/ (and /due east/ in foreign words); in Greek, hê became the letter epsilon, used to represent /e/. The various forms of the Old Italic script and the Latin alphabet followed this usage.

Use in writing systems

Pronunciation of the name of the letter ⟨e⟩ in European languages

English language

Although Center English language spelling used ⟨e⟩ to represent long and short /e/, the Great Vowel Shift changed long /eː/ (as in 'me' or 'bee') to /iː/ while brusk /ɛ/ (equally in 'met' or 'bed') remained a mid vowel. In other cases, the letter is silent, generally at the cease of words similar queue.

Other languages

In the orthography of many languages it represents either [east], [e̞], [ɛ], or some variation (such as a nasalized version) of these sounds, ofttimes with diacritics (as: ⟨east ê é è ë ē ĕ ě ẽ ė ẹ ę ẻ⟩) to indicate contrasts. Less commonly, every bit in French, German language, or Saanich, ⟨east⟩ represents a mid-primal vowel /ə/. Digraphs with ⟨eastward⟩ are common to point either diphthongs or monophthongs, such every bit ⟨ea⟩ or ⟨ee⟩ for /iː/ or /eɪ/ in English, ⟨ei⟩ for /aɪ/ in German, and ⟨eu⟩ for /ø/ in French or /ɔɪ/ in High german.

Other systems

The International Phonetic Alphabet uses ⟨e⟩ for the close-mid front unrounded vowel or the mid forepart unrounded vowel.

Most common letter

'E' is the near mutual (or highest-frequency) letter in the English language alphabet (starting off the typographer's phrase ETAOIN SHRDLU) and several other European languages, which has implications in both cryptography and data pinch. In the story "The Gold-Bug" by Edgar Allan Poe, a character figures out a random character code by remembering that the almost used alphabetic character in English is E. This makes information technology a hard and popular alphabetic character to use when writing lipograms. Ernest Vincent Wright's Gadsby (1939) is considered a "dreadful" novel, and supposedly "at to the lowest degree part of Wright's narrative bug were caused by linguistic communication limitations imposed by the lack of Eastward."^[8] Both Georges Perec's novel A Void (La Disparition) (1969) and its English translation past Gilbert Adair omit 'e' and are considered better works.^[9]

Descendants and related characters in the Latin alphabet

East with diacritics: Ĕ ĕ Ḝ ḝ Ȇ ȇ Ê ê Ê̄ ê̄ Ê̌ ê̌ Ề ề Ế ế Ể ể Ễ ễ Ệ ệ Ẻ ẻ Ḙ ḙ Ě ě Ɇ ɇ Ė ė Ė́ ė́ Ė̃ ė̃ Ẹ ẹ Ë ë È è È̩ è̩ Ȅ ȅ É é É̩ Ē ē Ḕ ḕ Ḗ ḗ Ẽ ẽ Ḛ ḛ Ę ę Ę́ ę́ Ę̃ ę̃ Ȩ ȩ E̩ e̩ ᶒ^[ten]
ⱸ : E with notch is used in the Swedish Dialect Alphabet^[xi]
Æ æ : Latin AE ligature
Œ œ : Latin OE ligature
The umlaut diacritic ¨ used above a vowel letter of the alphabet in German and other languages to betoken a fronted or front vowel (this sign originated as a superscript e)
Phonetic alphabet symbols related to E (the International Phonetic Alphabet but uses lowercase, just uppercase forms are used in another writing systems):
- Ɛ ɛ : Latin letter of the alphabet epsilon / open e, which represents an open up-mid front unrounded vowel in the IPA
- ᶓ : Epsilon / open due east with retroflex hook^[10]
- Ɜ ɜ : Latin letter reversed epsilon / open due east, which represents an open up-mid central unrounded vowel in the IPA
- ɝ : Latin small letter reversed epsilon / open e with hook, which represents a rhotacized open-mid central vowel in the IPA
- ᶔ : Reversed epsilon / open e with retroflex hook^[10]
- ᶟ : Modifier letter small reversed epsilon / open e^[10]
- ɞ : Latin small letter closed reversed open e, which represents an open-mid central rounded vowel in IPA (shown as ʚ on the 1993 IPA chart)
- 𐞏 : Modifier alphabetic character small airtight reversed open e, which is a superscript IPA letter^[12]
- Ə ə : Latin letter schwa, which represents a mid central vowel in the IPA
- Ǝ ǝ : Latin letter turned e, which is used in the writing systems of some African languages
- ɘ : Latin letter reversed e, which represents a close-mid central unrounded vowel in the IPA
- 𐞎 : Modifier letter small reversed e, which is a superscript IPA letter^[12]
The Uralic Phonetic Alphabet uses various forms of e and epsilon / open e:^[13]
- U+1D07 ᴇ LATIN Letter SMALL CAPITAL E
- U+1D08 ᴈ LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED OPEN E
- U+1D31 ᴱ MODIFIER Letter CAPITAL E
- U+1D32 ᴲ MODIFIER Alphabetic character CAPITAL REVERSED E
- U+1D49 ᵉ MODIFIER Letter SMALL Due east
- U+1D4B ᵋ MODIFIER Letter Small-scale Open up Eastward
- U+1D4C ᵌ MODIFIER Letter SMALL TURNED Open Due east
- U+2C7B ⱻ LATIN LETTER SMALL Upper-case letter TURNED Eastward ^[14]
_{due east} : Subscript small e is used in Indo-European studies^[15]
Teuthonista phonetic transcription system symbols related to E:^[16]
- U+AB32 ꬲ LATIN Small LETTER BLACKLETTER E
- U+AB33 ꬳ LATIN SMALL Letter of the alphabet BARRED E
- U+AB34 ꬴ LATIN SMALL LETTER Eastward WITH FLOURISH

Ancestors and siblings in other alphabets

𐤄 : Semitic letter He (letter), from which the following symbols originally derive
- Ε ε : Greek alphabetic character Epsilon, from which the post-obit symbols originally derive
  - Е е : Cyrillic letter Ye
  - Є є : Ukrainian Ye
  - Э э : Cyrillic letter of the alphabet E
  - Ⲉ ⲉ : Coptic letter of the alphabet Ei
  - 𐌄 : Old Italic E, which is the ancestor of modern Latin E
    - ᛖ : Runic letter Ehwaz, which is peradventure a descendant of Old Italic E
  - 𐌴 : Gothic letter of the alphabet eyz

Derived signs, symbols and abbreviations

€ : Euro sign.
℮ : Estimated sign (used on prepackaged goods for auction within the European Union).
e : the symbol for the uncomplicated charge (the electrical accuse carried by a unmarried proton)
∃ : existential quantifier in predicate logic. It is read "there exists ... such that".
∈ : the symbol for set membership in set up theory.
𝑒 : the base of operations of the natural logarithm.

Code points

Graphic symbol information
Preview	E		e
Unicode proper name	LATIN Uppercase Letter of the alphabet Eastward		LATIN SMALL LETTER East
Encodings	decimal	hex	dec	hex
Unicode	69	U+0045	101	U+0065
UTF-eight	69	45	101	65
Numeric graphic symbol reference	E	E	e	e
EBCDIC family unit	197	C5	133	85
ASCII ¹	69	45	101	65

¹ Also for encodings based on ASCII, including the DOS, Windows, ISO-8859 and Macintosh families of encodings.

Other representations

In British Sign Linguistic communication (BSL), the letter 'e' is signed past extending the alphabetize finger of the right hand touching the tip of index on the left mitt, with all fingers of left paw open.

Utilise every bit a number

In the hexadecimal (base of operations 16) numbering arrangement, Eastward is a number that corresponds to the number fourteen in decimal (base of operations 10) counting.

References

^ "Eastward" a letter Merriam-Webster'south Third New International Dictionary of the English Language Unabridged (1993). Ees is the plural of the name of the letter of the alphabet; the plural of the alphabetic character itself is rendered Eastward's, Due easts, due east's, or es.
^ "Due east". Oxford Lexicon of English (3rd ed.). Oxford University Printing. 2010. ISBN9780199571123. noun (plural Es or Eastward's)
^ Kelk, Brian. "Alphabetic character frequencies". Archived from the original on 2008-05-09. Retrieved 2022-02-02 .
^ Lewand, Robert. "Relative Frequencies of Letters in General English Plain text". Cryptographical Mathematics. Central Higher. Archived from the original on 2008-07-08. Retrieved 2008-06-25 .
^ "Frequency of Occurrence of Messages in Castilian". Santa Cruz Public Libraries. Archived from the original on 2008-05-11. Retrieved 2008-06-25 .
^ "Frequency of Occurrence of Letters in French". Santa Cruz Public Libraries. Archived from the original on 2008-03-12. Retrieved 2008-06-25 .
^ "Frequency of Occurrence of Letters in High german". Santa Cruz Public Libraries. Archived from the original on 2012-06-28. Retrieved 2008-06-25 .
^ Ross Eckler, Making the Alphabet Dance: Recreational Discussion Play. New York: St. Martin'due south Press (1996): 3
^ Eckler (1996): iii. Perec'south novel "was so well written that at least some reviewers never realized the existence of a letter of the alphabet constraint."
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Constable, Peter (2004-04-nineteen). "L2/04-132 Proposal to add additional phonetic characters to the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-10-11. Retrieved 2018-03-24 .
^ Lemonen, Therese; Ruppel, Klaas; Kolehmainen, Erkki I.; Sandström, Caroline (2006-01-26). "L2/06-036: Proposal to encode characters for Ordbok över Finlands svenska folkmål in the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-07-06. Retrieved 2018-03-24 .
^ ^a ^b Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (2020-11-08). "L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic" (PDF).
^ Everson, Michael; et al. (2002-03-20). "L2/02-141: Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-02-19. Retrieved 2018-03-24 .
^ Ruppel, Klaas; Rueter, Jack; Kolehmainen, Erkki I. (2006-04-07). "L2/06-215: Proposal for Encoding 3 Boosted Characters of the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-07-06. Retrieved 2018-03-24 .
^ Anderson, Deborah; Everson, Michael (2004-06-07). "L2/04-191: Proposal to encode six Indo-Europeanist phonetic characters in the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-x-11. Retrieved 2018-03-24 .
^ Everson, Michael; Dicklberger, Alois; Pentzlin, Karl; Wandl-Vogt, Eveline (2011-06-02). "L2/11-202: Revised proposal to encode "Teuthonista" phonetic characters in the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-10-xi. Retrieved 2018-03-24 .

External links